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The World of Information
1.Understanding Knowledge Management
Knowledge Management (KM) can be viewed from two sidesthat is operationally and strategically. KM operationally meansKM is an activity of the company / organization where theredevelopment and utilization of knowledge, while strategically KMKM is a means to solidify each steporganization / enterprise as a knowledge-based company.Here are merupak definitions of knowledge management (KM):
* Harvard College (1999) Knowledge Management
(KM) is a process formatted and directed in the digest
information that has been owned by a company and find out what
needed by each individual within the company
to then facilitate it for easy access and always so available
when needed "(Sembel & Santoso, 2002, p. 195).
* Amrit Tiwana "Knowledge Management
(KM) is an organized knowledge management for
create business value and generate a competitive advantage "(Tiwana, 2000, p. 5).
* Kirk Klassion "Knowledge Management (KM) is the ability to create and control the high-value core business competition" (Tiwana, 2000, p. 5).
* A general definition of KMKnowledge Management (KM) can be defined as a set (set of) intervention of people, processes and tools (technology) to support the process of making, assimilation, dissemination and application of knowledge.
1. Creation (creation) of knowledge is
process improvement of existing knowledge through experience
existing. Usually this process occurs when there is error detection and
improvement.
2. Lesson learned is one example of the output of knowledge creation.
3. Assimilation (assimilation) knowledge is a process of collecting, storing knowledge are made with the knowledge that already exists in the organization.
4. The spread (dissemination) of knowledge is a process of retrieval and dissemination of knowledge to be used in the process experience of others.
5. Application (application) knowledge is knowledge utilization process to completion mebantu matter at hand.
Knowledge Management (KM) is a process constantly have to be done so that the process will be a culture of enterprise, and eventually the company will forming to the knowledge-based company.
2. Type of Knowledge ManagementMany companies and experts to try to classify knowledge management projects that have been carried out within companies, even companies like Xerox through the Chief Knowledge Officer(CKO) it has menngumpulkan all case studies and project information KMthis, which is to find the form or type of KM projectexactly applied in the company.In general, these projects can be categorized in two forms namely KMwhich covers all areas within the company and KM carried out inone department, business unit or business function tententu. And onearly stages of KM can be started from a small environment such asdepartments, functions / business units, so that the civilizing process of knowledge management will be more easily controlled and evaluated.Project Knowledge Management (KM) can be classified into several types, namely:
1. Collecting and reusing structured knowledge.
Knowledge is often stored in some part of output
produced by the organization, such as product design, proposal and
project reports, procedures that have been implemented and
documented and the software codes all of which can
re used to reduce the time and resources required
to make it back.
2. Collecting and sharing the lessons already learned (lessons learned) of these practices.
This type of project is to collect knowledge derived from experience
should be interpreted and adopted by the user in a new context.
These projects usually involve the sharing of knowledge or lessons through databases such as Lotus Notes.
3. Identifying the source and network expertise. The project
intends to make expertise more easily visible and easily
accessible to every employee. In this case is to make
facility connections between people who know the knowledge and people
that requires knowledge.
4. Creating structure and mapping knowledge necessary to improve performance.
The project provides such influence on the product development process
new or redesign of business processes by making more explicit, or open the required knowledge at particular stages.
5. Measure and manage the economic value of knowledge. Many companies have a structured intellectual assets, such as patents, copyright, software licenses
and customer database. By knowing all these assets
enables companies to create revenue and expenses for
company.
6. Develop and disseminate knowledge from external sources. Rapid changes in business environment and uncertain has increased the importance and seriousness in business intelligence systems.
In this project the company / organization trying to collect all
reports from other related businesses. In this project
editors and analysts needed to compile and provide context
on the information obtained by them.
3. The purpose of Knowledge Management ImplementationApplication of KM will give effect to the company's business processes:
1. Saving time and cost. With the source
knowledge is structured properly, the company will easily
to use that knowledge to other contexts,
so that companies can save time and cost.
2. Increased knowledge assets. Sources of knowledge
provide kemudahaan to each employee to utilize,
so that the knowledge utilization process in an enterprise environment will
increases, which eventually process of creativity and innovation would be encouraged
broader and every employee to improve their competence.
3. The ability to adapt. Companies will be able to easily adapt to changing business environment occur.
4. Increased produktfitas. Existing knowledge can
re used to process or product that will be developed,
so that the productivity of the company will increase.
4. Knowledge Networks System (KNS)Knowledge Networks System (KNS) is a Knowledge Management system(KM), which aims to support the process of enhancing the competence of eachmembers involved in the network of knowledge. KNS generaldivided into two main modules directory and transfer knowledgeknowledge. Both these modules are combined to support the processimproving the competence of each member in the field of knowledgewhich became the focus and interestnya.Knowledge Directory is a classification of knowledge,while knowledge transfer is the process adopted forsupport the processes of dissemination of knowledge occurs, such astraining, discussion forums, articles, chat, email, direct contactto the experts. KNS thus can be applied in any field,in accordance with the interests of one group or organizationthat implement it. Because the KNS is more focused on process improvementcompetence, then the system is more suitable to be applied in institutions ordepartment related to training, education and human resources.5. Knowledge CreationAs proposed by Nonaka (1991), a perusahhan who want to become a knowledge-creating company "should put the process of knowledge creation in the midst of its human resources strategy (Sembel & Santoso, 2002, p. 45). There are two types of knowledge that must be managed.
1. First is the explicit knowledge (explicit knowledge), which is one form of knowledge that is formal and systematic. Explicit knowledge
is knowledge that has been arranged in a certain format and
usually have been documented. Knowledge of this type is easier
communicated and distributed.
2. Another type is tacit knowledge, which consists of technical expertise, know-how
and other cognitive dimensions such as mental models, beliefs,
perspective, the experience of the past. Knowledge of this type is very difficult
to set forth in the formal shape. Therefore difficult to
communicating it to others.
Then how the process of knowledge creation it last?. Inknowledge base is created from existing knowledge andNonaka (1991) memeparkan the four basic patterns of knowledge creationthat may occur within an organization, as shown inthe picture below.Four basic patterns of knowledge creation in organizationsFigure Four basic patterns of knowledge creation in organizations
1. Apprentice. This pattern generally
occurs naturally in the company at the time a staff
requested by senior department head to lead a staff that
just joined. Unior staff will observe what
performed by the senior, imitate, and practice doing things
which has been shown by the seniors. This pattern can occur for
technical expertise or learning things that are more concept
such practices within the company. The junior will build
his own tacit knowledge of the observation
done, observations made on the behavior of the senior
is a reflection of his own tacit knowledge. Pattern
Such effective enough to mentor each individual, but
can not contribute significantly to the entire enterprise.
2. Combine. This pattern occurs when
a staff reading existing documents such as reports and studies
the case of companies to then generate a new document
summarizes and sided with new ideas. Similarly, the creation
new explicit knowledge from explicit knowledge that already exists.
3. Articulate. Creation of knowledge
do not quit on each pattern. Companies must be able to
facilitate the learning process where knowledge-workers must be able to articulate the tacit pengetahuna
who owned them and turn them into explicit and kebentuk
save it for later distributed throughout the organization.
4. Internalize. Other hand, staff
others will read it and began to explicit knowledge
menginternalisasikannya into knowledge. The result is
tacit knowledge is more extensive than previously.
At the last second pattern, articulate and internalize,knowledge management systems (KMS) plays a significant rolesignificant. Here KMS serves to facilitate the occurrence ofboth schemes in an efficient and effective.
---Good Luck !!!---
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